This is a Kosnic 12w LED ES111 GU10 lamp with a colour temperature of 3000K (Warm White). These lamps have an average life of 30,000 hours and contain 7 LEDs. It has a beam anagle of 20degrees and a lumen output of 650 lumens. These lamps are equivalent to a 75w halogen lamp. Kosnic part number: KLED12AR111/GU10-S30

"In the highly competitive United Kingdom retail sector, bargain supermarkets such as Aldi and Lidl have fundamentally reshaped consumer expectations through their stringent cost management and innovative supply chain architectures. These discounters meticulously manage their stockist operations, frequently employing a model that prioritises direct engagement with manufacturers or consolidating substantial orders from a select, high-volume group of suppliers. This strategic approach enables them to bypass intermediaries, thereby significantly reducing procurement costs and securing advantageous pricing that is subsequently passed on to the consumer. The extensive network of suppliers utilised by these retailers spans the spectrum from large-scale international food producers and agricultural collectives to smaller, specialised local businesses and own-brand manufacturers, all of whom are often enticed by the prospect of consistent, high-volume contracts. This streamlined, integrated supply chain mechanism is pivotal in sustaining their rapid expansion and increasing market share across the UK. " - Bargainplace UK

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